A Japanese team from Tohoku University has discovered a new class of pluripotent stem cells called MUSE: Differentiating Stress Enduring Multilineage Cell.
The different categories of stem cells are totipotent cells
- : Can make an entire organism + placenta. These are the cells of the first 4 days of the embryo.
- pluripotent cells : Can manufacture all types tissue, but not the placenta. Eg embryonic stem cells.
- multipotent cells: Several types of cells. Eg hematopoietic stem cells (HSC).
- unipotent Cells May not be differentiated in a single cell type. Ex: CFU-E (~).
MUSE cells derived from bone marrow. They are rather rare: 1 in 5000. They coexist with CSH, which are only multipotent, let us remember. They were discovered by "serendipity" in error by introducing an enzyme into a toxic skin cell culture, only cells MUSE survived. The researchers have analyzed and made this important discovery, even fundamental to my eyes!
tests for cell differentiation MUSE have been satisfactory, they gave birth to several tissues: muscle, nerve, liver in mice ... Moreover, implanted into the testes of rats, they gave no tumor after 6 months, while ESC and iPS give in after 8 weeks. This property is probably very promising due to their limited proliferation potential, only 2 weeks in culture, against an indefinite multiplication for the two other pluripotent cell types.
prospects of this discovery in the years ahead are considerable, especially in the field of cell therapy.
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/63123.htm
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